Guest Writer Anna Runyan Offers MBA Admissions Advice

A guest post from the Classy Career Girl, Anna Runyan, who earned her MBA from the Rady School of Management. The business school application can be a stressful process and one that often leaves applicants disappointed and frustrated. Hopefully these tips will make your application process easier and you can use what I have learned to achieve your dream of going to business school. 1. GMAT preparation: Devote a month or two to study for the GMAT before you start applying to schools so that you can focus on the test and not worry about what score you need, writing essays and getting recommendations. I took the GMAT right after college and thought I would ace it without studying. I was wrong and did very poorly on the test. After I failed, I enrolled in a GMAT course but still did not feel adequately prepared so I ended up putting my MBA dream on hold. After a few years, I buckled down and started studying every night after work. The second time I took the GMAT I was very relaxed and much more prepared. The only reason I did great the second time was because I was focused on one thing, the GMAT, and not all the other parts of the application that would come later. 2. Information Sessions: Don’t think about attending or applying to a school unless you have attended an information session. Most of my co-workers who are interested in business school think and talk about it a lot but don’t take that next step of finding out if business school is right for them. The best way to do this is by attending an information session where you can ask questions and meet current students. I went to many information sessions before applying to schools because I found it was a great way to see if the school was right for me. I went to one school where no one talked to me and I knew I wouldn’t like the environment. Another school I went to I found that everyone was very friendly. This was the school that I eventually decided to attend but I never would have known which one was right for me if I did not attend an information session. 3. Recommendations: Choose someone you know and trust. Do you know about your recommender’s family and what they like to do on the weekends? If not, get to know them well before you ask them to write you a recommendation. By making an effort to get to know your recommender, it allows them to also get to know you. Your recommendation will be much better if your recommender knows you well and thinks of you as a friend. You want your recommender to fight for you and put in the time to write a great application. Make it easy for them by giving them a list of your reasons for wanting to go back to school and your recent accomplishments at work. Most importantly, make sure you give them a thank you gift after they write you a recommendation. 4. More tips to survive the application process: During interviews, be ready to explain how you can contribute and what you can teach to your classmates. During decision time, try to not think about rankings and instead make your decision to attend the school that will make you happiest. If you are facing a tough decision, ask those closest to you for advice. Sometimes, others know you better than yourself and can give you advice that makes the most sense. Consider options like attending business school part-time. There are many benefits to keeping your job while going to school and sometimes you can even finish just as fast. I hope that these tips have been helpful to you. I wish you the best of luck in getting into the business school of your dreams. Classy Career Girl, a blog written by Anna Runyan, provides advice to young professionals on how to be classy as they climb the corporate ladder.   Her blog covers topics such as business chic fashion, career motivation, personal development, networking, and office etiquette. Connect with her at http://www.classycareergirl.com.   If you would like to learn more about how to find a career that you love to go to everyday, check out her free video training series at http://www.getmycareerunstuck.com. //

The Impact Of Fdi On European Economic Development - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3564 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION The functioning of a market economy under the conditions required by efficiency demands important financial resources, whose allocation must be directed to those areas which in their turn can generate value added and resume the active process of creating added value. If for a company the investment are realised mainly from classical sources, respectively the depreciation fund, profit or issuance of new shares, but with the risk of the dispersion of the proprietary right on business, to which we can add the financing of bank loans, a fairly expensive solution for a company in search of activity diversification. Based on these considerations, the need to review the role and function of investment funds and FDI in the economy, in the reorientation and begining of the investment process is one of utmost importance. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Impact Of Fdi On European Economic Development" essay for you Create order Considering the last events that marked the world economy, from which the foreign investment funds, be they even FDI, to which we can add the stock innovation were among the main determinants of the process of translating the investment flows. Though investment funds in the conventional, manifesting as traditional investors, with a pronounced classical character, buying or selling financial instruments, stocks, bonds or other financial instruments or developing new production capacities, in their action they determine a significant impact on the economic activity outlining some features of the economic environment within which they occur. For countries like Romania, for example, or Serbia, this process is actual, but difficult to achieve because it needed more than financial resources. From this point of view à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Inadequate progress in second-generation reforms provides explanation in variation of FDI inflows. A number of empirical studies focusing on transition eco nomies have corroborated this finding. Garibaldi et al. (2002) have shown, that the quality of institutions explains the variation in FDI flows to transition economies. [1, p.11] The sustenable economic development requires the existence of a set of tools and specific mechanisms through which the financial resources necessary to achieve this goal must be mobilized but especially they must contribute to an efficient redistribution of financial resources in the process of social breeding. The only one able to achieve this requirements are the investments, which succeed through mobilizing the available capital to restart the complex process of production of plusvalue. Directing the financial resources, in the economic policy, to those economic objectives able to develop in their turn a growth of the rate of employment of labor requires a new governance in terms of investments, whose key source should be profit, fund depreciation or GDP, at the economic level. As known, sometimes financial resources available to the national economy are not sufficient to promote massive actions, attracting new finance being required, in addition to foreign capital markets. These completion investments, although they are not quite common in many of the emerging countries, they use them. On the other hand we are witnessing independent investment flows, directed either to initiating new production capacity or upgrading existing ones, promoted by global financial players that make up the foreign investment flows. As it is stated in one of the european documents The fact that the market has failed in the financial sector does not mean that it does not work at all, but points out the need to avoid, namely to correct the wrong market developments, through legislative measures and of targeted surveillance. Therefore, the new policy must be built on the foundation of a market economy, which stimulates and rewards their initiatives and risk taking. [10, pct.3.4]. So the financial r esources attracted through foreign investments should be targeted at those areas that present a high reproductive capacity, either by the recognized degree of generating profits or by the significant beneficial efects that they have on the workforce. FDI should ensure a high degree of efficiency, both for the investor who chooses to invest and must be rewarded by high rates of profit, and for the country within which is achieved by increasing the resources mobilized through tax mechanisms, the state budget, and the remuneration for labor involved in achieving the resulting business. Literature review The analysis of the role of FDI in the economy was made in a number of important studies. From these we mention (Serbu, 2006) which claims that promoting FDI is not always in favor of countries that receive these flows, analyzed at least in terms of qualification of employment and not contribute to economic growth, so the role of FDI is questioned. On the other hand ÃÆ'–ZTÃÆ'Å“RK, Ilhan (2007) argues the opposite, namely that the role of FDI in economic growth is major and decisive, which is achieved through multiple channels such as gross capital formation, technology transfer and effects on human capital. In another study[6], Ben Ferretti (2004) explores the relationship between FDI and productivity growth and concludes, after making a brief analysis of the theoretical models, in terms of game-theoretical models, that this is determined by the spatiality and the intensity of FDI flows on economy and economic agents in particular [4]. The same ideas has Damjan Joze et all (2003) which explores the role of accumulation of FDI and R D on technology transfer and their effect on economies in transition [3] or Hunya, Gabor (2002) which analyzes economic restructuring phenomena from FDI perspectives on manufacturing industry.[5] The analysis Market Integration from Foreign Direct Investment intensity perspective Foreign direct investments consist of significant vectors in achieving economic and social objectives, in the context of diversification of society needs in satisfying the goals promoted at the macroeconomic level. The need for financial resources is an ever growing from year to year and the financial resources attracted from the foreign capital market is a solution to achieve these goals. From this perspective each stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability to attract these resources depends to a very high measure on the degree of integration of national markets in the total investment flows but also on the degree of atraction of each state. In this context the analysis of foreign direct investment in the community economy is of special importance. Referring to GDP make these data to show a high relevance through removing the national economiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ dimension outlined by each state. These data are presented in the table below. Table no.1 Market Integration Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) intensity Average value of inward and outward FDI flows divided by GDP %  2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 EU-27 NA NA NA NA 0,9 1,7 2,3 3,8 2,2 Belgium NA NA 5,6 11,5 10,7 8,9 13,7 24,5 22,1 Bulgaria 4 2,6 2 5,3 6,5 7,8 12,6 15,2 10,3 Czech Rep. 4,5 4,7 5,8 1,3 2,7 4,7 2,4 3,5 2,9 Denmark 20,1 6,9 3,2 -0,7 NA 5,6 2 5,2 2,4 Germany 6,7 1,7 1,8 0,8 0,2 2,2 3,2 3,5 2,4 Estonia 4 5,9 2,9 5,5 5,1 12,8 8,7 10,5 6,3 Ireland 16,1 6,6 15,3 9 2 -4,3 2,2 8,8 -1,2 Spain 8,4 5 5,2 3,1 4,1 3 5,5 7,2 4,7 France 8,2 5,5 3,4 2,7 2,2 4,7 4 5,3 5,2 Italy 1,2 1,6 1,3 0,8 1 1,7 2,2 3,1 1,3 Cyprus 5,5 6,2 7,5 5,5 5,6 5,1 7,4 7,9 15,6 Latvia 2,7 0,9 1,4 1,6 2,7 2,6 4,6 4,7 2,2 Lithuania 1,7 1,9 2,6 0,6 2,3 2,6 3,5 3,3 2,3 Hungary 2,3 4 2,4 2,3 2,7 4,5 5 3,4 1,7 Netherlands 18,1 12,8 6,5 6 2,8 14,1 5,4 9,2 0,7 Austria 3,8 2,4 1,5 2,8 2,1 3,8 3,4 9,5 5,2 Poland 2,7 1,5 1,1 1,2 2,7 2,3 4,2 3,4 1,6 Portugal 6,6 5,4 0,6 4,4 2,6 1,6 4,6 1,9 1,2 Romania 1,4 1,4 1,3 NA NA 3,3 4,8 3 3,5 Slovakia 5,3 3,7 7,8 3,6 3,6 2,7 4,6 2,8 1,9 Finland 13,5 4,8 5,7 0,3 0,5 2,3 3 4 -0,7 Sweden 13 4,1 4,5 4,2 3,4 5 6,5 7 7,2 U.K 11,9 3,8 2,3 2,1 3,3 5,6 5 9 4,7 Croatia 2,5 3,3 3 3,2 1,7 2,2 3,6 4,4 NA Turkey NA NA 0,3 0,4 0,5 1,2 2 1,9 NA Norway 4,7 0,7 1,2 1,8 1,5 3,8 3,8 2,2 NA Switzerland 12,8 5,3 2,6 4,9 3,7 6,7 13,6 11,4 NA USA 2,3 1,4 1 0,8 1,7 0,3 1,5 NA NA Japan 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 1,1 NA Source: author`s own selection based on Eurostat database, available at: https://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table, accessed on: 27.01.2010 As seen from the data presented above, there is a syncopated evolution of investment flows, both in integrated economies in the economic space, but also for those who want integration (Croatia and Turkey) and especially the most developed economies (USA and Japan). At the EU level we can see an increase in the intensity of FDI during 2004-2007, from 0.9 in 2004 to 3.8 in 2007, meaning an increase of 4.2 times. This growth rate was a syncopated one which means that the european economy has been trained in the massive wave of investment and capital flows with relatively high degree of risk, which resulted that since 2008 this indicator decreased by 1.7 times compared to last year. In the case of member countries we can see a different evolution. If in the case of the last two countries that joined the EU in 2007 we may find a slight improvement, as is the case of Romania, this indicator increased from 3% to 3.5%, a low level compared to 2006 when this indicator recorded 4.8% when the interest of foreign investors was much higher than the economy, or maybe they were just strengthening their investment positions by purchasing generators of economic value added or Bulgaria, which after membership is growing at 12.6% in 2006 to 15.2% in 2007, the next year it registers a 10.3 drop. This situation can result from the inability to pay on which is encumbered the whole bulgarian economy. For the european countries which were old members, this indicator presents a high volatility. After register significant levels of 6.7% as in the case of Germany in 2000 it reaches in 20 08 at a value of only 2.4%. Such is the case of France which in 2000 recorded 8.2% and eight years later only 5.2%. These developments are mainly due to the shaken european economic environment, where the investors are orienting and reorienting the capitals according to high profit rates than to business stability. For Serbia, a non-EU country assets owned by foreign entities in Serbia are growing in nominal values. But if we look at share of foreign owned assets in total financial institutions, we may observe that there has been a decrease of 0.2% from 84.3% to 84.1%, despite the entry of 13 new fully foreign owned institutions during the analyzed period. This confirms that financial institutions owned by domestic entities are operating even better than the foreign owned ones. Since we know that before the restructuring of the financial sector in Serbia most banks and insurance companies have operated with significant loss, we may conclude that that remaining domestic owned inst itution have significantly changed their business culture.[8] Regarding the U.S., the evolution of this indicator for 2000-2006, reflects the difficult moments that this countrys economy has passed. If in 2005 this indicator recorded the lowest level of the period analysed, of only 0.3% (more than up to 5 times compared to 2001), one year later to grow by 500%, due to the trust granted in the economic development through FDI. For the Japanese economy the evolution of this indicator is ranging at around 0.4-0.5%, which means the sustainability of investments supported through these instruments, especially the economy of this country design was based more on capital exports to third countries than absorption of this type of capital in its economy. But 2007 brings a doubling of the level of this indicator actually marking the shift towards exporting the capital investment to emerging economies, in particular. In one of the UNCTAD documents it is shown that The ISD explosion in so me developing economies in transition reflects the growing competitiveness of many firms in these economies. The evolution of ISD in some countries was partialy feed by the income from exports of manufactured goods and natural resources, which have increased the financial strength necessary to engage in investment from abroad. Perhaps most important is that the firms in these economies have been increasingly affected by global competition. They came to understand how important it is the entering on international markets and connect to global production systems and knowledge networks. Therefore, their view of the business was internationalized and ambitions and their concerns are more regional or global.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?.[9]. Over time many countries have became sources of financing through FDI as a solution generating of resources or partners to enhance or start some income-generating activities. The stock of FDI is an important element in the analysis of investment flows in the european economy against the background of increased interdependencies among these economies. In the table nr.2 is presented the FDI stock in some european countries but also for the two biggest economies of the world USA, respectively Japan. Table no.2 Direct investment stocks as % of GDP, Direct investment, in the reporting economy (% of GDP)  2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 EU-27 NA NA NA NA 15,2 16,6 17,3 19 19,4 Bulgaria 5,2 20,6 22,5 27,9 37,3 53,6 70,6 92,9 96,5 Czech Rep. 38,6 47,4 45 43,5 47,6 51,3 53,3 59,9 53,9 Denmark 41,3 42,5 38,1 37,3 43,4 47,6 46,4 48,4 45,9 Germany 24,5 22,8 23,9 25,1 24,2 24,2 26,1 26,1 27,3 Ireland 123,7 130,1 133,9 126,2 102,2 85,5 67,2 72,9 66,5 Greece NA 10,5 9,5 10,3 11,3 12,7 14,3 15,6 11,5 Spain 26,7 29,5 33,6 34,3 34,6 35,9 35,6 37,9 41,5 France 19,4 22,4 23,7 26,7 29,2 32,4 34,5 36 37,1 Italy 10,2 9,8 9,3 10,7 11,6 13,3 15,1 16 15,5 Latvia 26,1 28,6 26,9 26,4 30 32,3 35,8 35,7 34,8 Lithuania 20,3 21,9 25,4 24,1 25,8 33,2 34,9 36 28,4 Hungary NA 52,3 48,7 44,8 55,5 59 69,5 67 57,2 Austria 15,8 18,3 19 19,1 NA 24,2 32,9 40,8 NA Poland 19,8 22 21,8 24 31,1 31,4 35,1 38,8 32,1 Portugal 28,2 31,6 31,4 34,6 34,1 36 43,2 48 43,1 Romania NA NA NA 18,4 24,6 27,4 35,3 34,3 35,3 Slovenia NA 13,2 15,4 19,4 20,6 21,3 22 28,2 29,6 Slovakia 22,1 27,6 31,9 42,8 47,4 51,9 57,4 53 50,3 Finland 19,7 19,5 22,5 27,3 27,7 29,6 32,1 34,6 30,4 Sweden 38,1 41,8 43 45,6 50,4 49,4 55,1 60 59,6 U.K 29,4 34,9 29,2 29,3 29,1 38,8 44,4 41,4 38,8 Norway 17,9 19,3 20 19,5 27,6 26 26,4 NA NA Switzerland 34,4 35,2 40,3 44,8 49,6 48 64,5 72,4 NA S UA 12,5 13,3 11,2 11,2 11,7 13,3 12,7 NA NA Japan 1,1 1,3 1,8 1,9 2 2,3 2,3 2,9 NA Source: author`s own selection based on Eurostat database, available at: https://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table, accessed on: 27.01.2010 If we consider the definition of FDI stocks in the acceptance of UNCTAD these are presented at book value or historical cost, reflecting prices at the time when the investment was made. For a large number of economies, FDI stocks are estimated by either cumulating FDI flows over a period of time or adding flows to an FDI stock that has been obtained for a particular year from national official sources or the IMF data series on assets and liabilities of direct investment [8] From this perspective we can see an increase in direct investment stocks both at EU-27 level over the period 2004-2008, from 15.2% share in GDP from 19.4% share in GDP in 2008. This situation of growth can be observed in the case of Japan but with values much more reduced. If in 2000 in the case of Japan these represented only 1.1% in GDP, seven years later this share was 2.9% in GDP, an increase double to the reference year. This can not be saidin the case of the U.S., where direct investment stocks have a fluctuant evolution. Against this background is noted that The convergence of corporate governance models, combined with ICT development, with an increasing activism manifested by the institutional investors and their reference measure regarding the profitability, all these put the large companies in a position to maximize with any price the profitability (dividends and capital gains) of shares held by them. Considerations on the ability to generate future cash flows as well as the nature of partnership highlighted by the european social model were left on the second level. [11] In most developed economies of the EU-27, namely Germany, France and UK we see during the long analysed period signifi cant growth which means that investments made in this period were so well-consolidated that they increased their value through engaging in activities with value added to high. In the case of the last two states that joined EU in 2007 the situation is quite different. If for Bulgaria since 2007 we saw some increase from 92.9% share in GDP to 96.5% in GDP in 2008, to Romania it means a return to pre-integration values (2006) respectively 35 , 3% share in GDP. Analyzing the situation of direct investment stocks we observe, analysing economy as a whole, with few exceptions, an increase of this indicatorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s value. The causes may be diverse but reflect the economic situation conducive to the development for the period analyzed. In this context the situation intra-EU direct investment reported by EU member states provide an integrative picture on the amplitude of this phenomenon. Each economy is closely linked, interdependencies manifesting deeply both at macroeocnomi c level but especially at the micro level, where FDI contributes to strengthening the business relations and the transfer of knowledge and technology. The level of investments made in each national economy and the member states within the EU economic space reflects the importance of this type and level of investment for mobilizing financial resources for economic exploitation. In Serbia FDI in the previous decade has reached US$ 17 billion, which was sufficient to boost the economic activity. Highest investments were in the financial sector, accounting to over US$ 5 billion. This sector which was characterized by low capitalization and weak profitability in the past has due to foreign capital become sector with very high growth rate. The influence of foreign capital to Serbian financial sector was twofold.[8] Evolution is presented in Table 3 Intra-EU direct investment reported by EU Member States, Financial account, Direct investment, in there porting economy for the period 2 001-2008. Table no.3 Intra-EU direct investment reported by EU Member State ; Financial account, Direct investment, in there porting economy million ECU/EUR  2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 EU-25 403192 360059 232872 179579 453514 483779 604802 350216 Bulgaria NA NA 1499 2284 2345 5197 7337 5639 Czech Rep. NA 8460 812 3231 8937 3896 5996 6311 Denmark 7169 4136 -599 NA 6546 3925 4639 3667 Germany 19359 46518 18971 -3372 33476 22013 30327 5454 Estonia 488 259 707 591 2252 1407 2001 1072 Ireland NA 14426 21455 NA -16769 -590 359 1263 Spain 26989 23444 15706 NA 18185 19882 47170 42088 France 53434 39899 27009 24590 54782 41121 59360 46166 Italy 13100 12155 13276 1337 14187 28404 27911 11178 Cyprus 463 452 590 579 526 487 1019 1185 Latvia 75 169 150 353 365 978 1477 682 Hungary 3159 203 4 2577 2067 5909 5015 2763 3739 Austria 5681 -264 4062 5574 7427 6895 19002 11151 Poland 5857 4236 3238 9661 6735 13637 14243 9676 Portugal 6716 1669 366 -643 4074 5959 2342 1107 Romania NA NA NA NA 5324 8454 6540 8502 Slovenia NA 595 321 473 629 499 1085 1091 Slovakia NA NA 1744 2532 1648 3255 2030 2503 Finland NA 7884 2165 2209 3690 5622 8176 -3839 Sweden NA NA 2078 -32 7334 13337 15100 28433 U.K 28155 25000 7945 NA 103878 69966 57498 27582 Source: author`s own selection based on Eurostat database, available at: https://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table, accessed on: 27.01.2010 Investment flows that occurred outside the community space have reflected the strength of economic ties with other states that benefit from t his transfer of resources. Knowing that they represent over 10% in the company capital or voting rights we see the interes in promoting and acquiring production capacity with significant economic impact. If in the period 2005-2007 we saw a growth of FDI flows within the community space, the year 2008 brings a reduction in these flows, below those of 2002. The investment relations generated by FDI at community level enhance the process of interdependence of community economies, especially that for the old member states like Germany, France, UK, the flows registered massive drops, especially as they represented exporters of financial resources for the transition and emerging economies. In terms of FDI flows, at least for Romania, as an example of an economy new entrant in the community economic space, in the year 2008, according to BNR data there were 9.496 billion euros, mostly oriented towards economic objectives that have been designed for the privatization process as well as fo r the initiation of new economic objectives like car production capacity at Pitesti or mobile phones in Cluj-Napoca. So in this context, Net participations of the direct foreign investors to the social capital of foreign direct investment enterprises in Romania amounting to 4.873 billion euros (51.3% of the net flow of ISD). These resulted from the reducing of the participations worth 5.265 billion euros with a net loss, amounting to 392 million euros. The net loss resulted from the decrease in net profit of foreign direct investment enterprises in 2008, worth 6.412 billion euros, with 2.696 billion euros in dividends distributed in 2008 and with foreign direct investment enterprises losses in 2008 amounting to 4.108 billion euros. [12] Opening economies and accepting a high degree of penetration of FDI flows made possible the development of economic sectors, which until yesterday were doomed to decay due to the rising need for capital. Revitalization of these sectors able to gen erate profits at the expense of FDI has contributed to diversification but generating added value and growth and diversification of portfolio risk. At the end, we may say that quality of operations of Serbian financial institutions is growing, that assets values are rapidly increasing, and that all companies, regardless weather it is domestic or foreign owned are equally profitable. It is certain that this sector is ready to become core of Serbian economy, and a boost for increased FDI in the second stage of transition.[] Regarding the other component, namely The net credit received by firms with foreign direct investment from the foreign direct investors included in the group, amounting to 4.623 billion euros, representing 48.7% of net flow of ISD.[12] This situation defines the degree of atractability for foreign investors that the economy shows, especially because of some factors that accentuate their competitivity degree like very cheap labor force and highly qualified but also the strategic position that this economy has in the community space. The following table gives an overview of direct investment flows as% of GDP, made by the member states of EU. Table no.4 Direct investment flows as % of GDP; Financial account, Direct investment, Abroad (% of GDP)  2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 EU-25 NA 3,2 1,4 1,4 1,4 2,2 2,8 4,4 2,9 Belgium NA NA 4,9 12,3 9,4 8,7 12,7 23,1 23,9 Bulgaria 0 0,1 0,2 0,1 -0,8 1,1 0,6 0,7 1,4 Czech Rep. 0,1 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,9 -0 1 0,9 0,9 Denmark 17,8 7,9 3,6 -0,3 NA 6,3 3 6,6 4,1 Germany 3 2,1 0,9 0,2 0,7 2,7 4,4 5,4 4,3 Estonia 1,1 3,2 1,8 1,6 2,2 5 6,7 8,1 4,5 Ireland 4,8 3,9 6,9 3,5 9,8 7,1 6,9 8,1 5,1 Spain 10 5,4 4,8 3,2 5,8 3,7 8,4 9,6 5 France 13,2 6,9 3,5 3 2,8 5,4 4,9 6,5 7 Italy 1,1 1,9 1,4 0,6 1,1 2,4 2,3 4,3 1,9 Latvia 0,1 0,2 0 0,4 0,8 0,8 0,9 1,3 0,7 Lithuania 0 0,1 0,1 0,2 1,2 1,3 1 1,5 0,7 Hungary 1,2 0,7 0,4 2 1,1 2 3,4 2,6 0,5 Austria 3 1,6 2,8 2,8 2,9 3,8 4,3 10,5 7,1 Poland 0 -0 0,1 0,1 0,4 1,1 2,6 1,3 0,5 Portugal 7,2 5,4 -0,1 4,2 4,2 1,1 3,7 2,5 0,9 Romania -0 -0 0 NA NA -0.2 0,3 0,2 0,1 Slovenia NA 1,3 0,8 1,8 1,4 1,9 2,4 4,1 2,5 Slovakia 0,1 0,3 0 0,7 -0,1 0,3 0,9 0,8 0,3 Finland 19,7 6,7 5,4 -1,4 -0,6 2,2 2,3 2,9 1,2 Sweden 13 2,8 NA 6,8 5,1 7,3 6 8,1 5,8 U.K 15,8 4 3,1 3,3 4,1 3,5 3,5 11,4 5,9 Turkey NA NA 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 NA Norway 5,1 0,1 2,3 2 1,8 7 5,5 3,2 NA Switzerland 17,9 7,2 2,9 4,8 7,2 13,7 19,4 11,4 NA U.S.A 1,4 1,2 1,3 1,2 2,2 -0,2 1,6 NA NA Japan 0,7 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,7 1 1,2 1,7 NA Source: author`s own selection based on Eurostat database, available at: https://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table, accessed on: 27.01.2010 In this context we can see that the community space was an important source of investment for emergent countries in particular. They have targeted primarily the purchase of economic objectives or develop new ones. FDI is an instrument to achieve economic potential. In this context, according to numerous research carried out, it is considered that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾A very large number of foreign firms combined with relatively business friendly environment may explain uniqueness of Romania in terms of the existence of very significant knowledge spillovers to domestic firms, as an econometric study of CEEC-8 (excluding Latvia and Lithuania) has shown. Finally yet importantly, the share of FDI in total capital formation together with the length o f a period offers some insights as to their relative weight in the economy. The average share of FDI in Gross Domestic Investment of around 20% in the 1997-01 period suggests a significant presence of foreign firms. With around one-fifth of domestic investment carried out by foreign firms, the associated influx of management skills and technology has already had a beneficial effect on the entire economy.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? [1, p.15] Conclusions As we have seen FDI is an essential component in the economic development, thus creating a proper environment to achieve this point is an object of profound significance for each economy separately. FDI directs the necessary financial funds to those areas that can generate high VAB, implicitly identifying those economic areas with high potential. We must accept however that the promotion of FDI absorption brings some risks, the investor can always choose to leave the country, giving away his investment. The analysis made at the level of the community space, reveals the fact that FDI represented fundamental economic levers to promote economic growth, especially for those countries that joined the EU in the second wave. Massive transformations that have taken place in the community economy had an impact on the flows of FDI. Through FDI, capital was aimed at those companies able to carry on business profit activities, often engaging with themselves a technological transfer contribu ting to sustenable development as a whole.

Character Analysis of Jamie Sullivan in Nicholas Sparks...

Nicholas Sparks 1999 novel A Walk to Remember provides readers with a complex account involving the power of optimism and self-esteem. The character of Jamie Sullivan stands as proof that individuals can actually defeat impediments that they encounter through their lives and that it is possible for them to experience satisfaction as a result. This girl initially hides her problems from individuals that she interacts with and actually manages to make it seem that she is a dull choir girl who would not be able to perform any extraordinary activities. While most people would be inclined to exteriorize their suffering and influence individuals around them in trying to sympathize with them, Jamie stood strong until the last moments of her live and managed to become an example for anyone who ever experienced pain during their lives. Morality can generally be considered to be the guiding principle in Jamies life. She constantly struggles to avoid being caught in an immoral situation because she acknowledges the importance of doing good deeds. One of the first tendencies of someone suffering from leukemia would be to consider that the worlds pressure is on his or her shoulders. Jamie adopts a different approach by ignoring her condition and by trying to appear as happy as possible. The fact that she is determined represents a principal concept in Jamies life, considering that she succeeds in overcoming most of her problems through simply focusing on ideas that she considersShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of a Walk to Remember1696 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of A Walk to Remember I. Author Introduction/ Writing Style: The author of A Walk to Remember is Nicholas Sparks. He was born on December 31,1965. According to Wikipedia he is an internationally best selling American author. He writes novels with themes that include Christianity, love, tragedy, and fate. He is currently the author of 12 published novels; including: Message in a Bottle, A Walk to Remember, and The Notebook. He lives in New Bern, North Carolina with his wife CatherineRead MoreMovie Analysis: a Walk to Remember904 Words   |  4 PagesMOVIE ANALYSIS: A WALK TO REMEMBER A Walk To Remember is a romantic movie based on a novel by Nicholas Sparks. It is a 2002 Warner Bros film which starred the 90s pop singer Mandy Moore as the demure, religious, and bookish Jamie Sullivan and punk rock musician Shane West as the popular but rebellious Landon Carter. Directed by Adam Shankman, the story is set in the small town of Beaufort, North Carolina. Landon and his entourage of hooligans have an initiation ritual which, as usual, involved

Hematology- The Study of Blood free essay sample

Blood has many functions including: moving oxygen/ tourists to the lungs and tissues, forming blood clots to stop bleeding, carrying cells and antibodies that fight Infections, and regulating the temperature of the body. Blood consists of plasma, red and white blood cells, and platelets. Plasma is a mixture of water, sugar, fat, protein, and salts. Plasma transports blood cells, albumin, clotting proteins, antibodies, nutrients, chemical messengers (ex- hormones), and waste products, and other proteins that help regulate balance the body. Plasma Is the fluid part of blood that Is left over after all cells are removed. Any specific plasma products that have been lost can be replaced with a transfusion. Platelets (otherwise known as thromboses) arent actually cells but small fragments of them. Platelets are basically the backbone of the coagulation (clotting) process. Platelets stick to the laceration and form a platform on which blood coagulation commences. Platelets make the first layer of new tissue (fibrin clot) that will come from the healed blood vessel. We will write a custom essay sample on Hematology- The Study of Blood or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Blood thinners such as aspirin taken beforehand may slow the coagulation process and Increase bleeding.Red blood cells (also called erythrocytes or Orbs) are a primary part of blood, making up about 40-45% of it. Orbs contain an important protein called hemoglobin which carries oxygen to various tissues of the body where the oxygen is released to make and store energy necessary for survival. Red blood cells originate from a the erythrocytes hormone (hence the name erythrocytes) produced by the kidneys. They grow and mature in bone marrow and are later released into the bloodstream, but only survive about 120 days.Characteristics of red blood cells include bright red color, biconcave shape, and a flattened center. White blood cells (or leukocytes) are the body defense against infection and foreign material; they get rid of dead blood cells. There are specific white blood cells for the different types of defense the body needs. The most common type is the authorship, which is the immediate response cell. This cell makes up for 55-70% of the white blood cells. The lymphocyte Is the second most common white cell, and It as 2 types: B-cells and T-cells.These are Important In fighting bacterial and viral Infections as well as In economizing undesirable (cancerous) cells and destroying these before they can multiply. Some of the specific leukocytes surround and ingest microorganisms while others produce pathogen-destroying proteins. Red blood cells also have protein markers that identify ones blood type. The most common markers are A and B. These markers produce four blood types- A, B, ABA, and O. All people have one of these four. People with A type blood can donate their blood types. B types can donate to ABA and B types. They can receive from B and O types.

Maus All Suffering Does Is Cause Pain Essay Example

Maus All Suffering Does Is Cause Pain Paper The Maus graphic books are award-winning comics written by Art Spiegelman. They are non-fictional stories of Art and his father, Vladek. Spiegelman demonstrates that all suffering does is cause pain, it does not create noble people. Spiegelman exemplifies this through his characters, for example, Anja committed suicide after suffering for the duration of the holocaust. Anjas death along with the holocaust also made a huge impact on Vladeks life.After all of Vladeks traumatic experiences he takes it out on Mala and this shows shows the reader that Mala herself goes through a lot of pain. The suffering they went through proves that only only pain was caused and their lives were only more difficult. Anja commited suicide after the suffering through the holocuast and this demonstrates that suffering does not create better people, instead, only pain is implanted. From the period of the holocaust, anjas mental state was not positive. She declares but i dont care, i just dont want to live.A nja shows signs of depression. She had depression and anxiety before the war, which left her more vulnerable to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which impaired her ability to live a normal life. Spiegelman also show that suvivors, like anja, feel like they did not do all they could have to help their family and feel guilty for moving on with their life. Vladek described her before they were married as always being anxious. Anja was unable to cope with the loss of her son and almost the entire family. Years afterwards she commited suicide.Therefore, this proves the point that suffering does not make her noble but traumatised and this disturbed Vladek enormously because without Anja, the love of his life, Vladek was at a loss. The death of Anja along with the experiences Vladek gained from the holocaust put a lot of weight onto his life and has greatly affected his way of thinking. It is definate that vladek portray signs of miserliness and he also states that from my good eye, from my glass eye, if theyre open or theyre closed, always im thinking of anja.This suggests that he cant let go of his past and becomes rather apprensive and paranoid like many other victims. On account of the war, he was transformed from a successfull, happily married father to a lonely man without a purpose or joy. With the loss of all he loved he becomes somewhat more attached to things than to people, it was as if he had lost faith in people. Vladeks anxiety can also be shown through his dreams. Vladek has had nightmares ever since he had been in the concentration camps which is another common symptom of survivors.One night Art and his wife Francois hear Valdek moaning in his sleep. When Francois asks what the noise is, he explains, hes moaning in his sleep again. when i was a kid i thought that was the noise all grown-ups made while they slept. Consequently, suffering only causes pain and because of what Vladek has experienced, it is clear that he only lives with sadness and d oes not become noble. From Vladeks pain, he constantly takes it out on his second wife, mala, and on his son Artie. With Mala, Vladek is really critical towards her and he comments on the smallest things.He is critical of everything mala does, the chicken i thought, was too dry. He expresses his fustration at the situation saying i tell you, with mala i dont know what to do. He puts her in a difficult position and as seen in the book many times, she had been upset about Vladeks behaviours almost constanly. It is clear that this character undergoes some kind of difficulty and does not become a better person as she chose to leave Vladek in the end along with all of his money. It is also obvious that artie himself suffers from depression.He has been in a mental institution and sees a psychiatrist to help him deal with his issues. he confesses to his psychiatrist that all he remebers about his father is arguing with him and never feeling good enough. The psychiatrist explains to him tha t Vladek probably inflicted these feelings on him, out of his own need to feel like he survived because he was better, to ease his guilt. On the other hand, Art also feels guilty for surviving. Vladek makes him feel as though he will never live up to the memory of his brother, Richieu, who died in the war, and guilty for not having been through what they did.However, for Artie to have lived in the shadows of the holocaust for his whole life, to often see the long lasting effects it has had on his father. it is natural for him to feel some kind of guilt about having had an easier life than they did. Art was also greatly affected by the suicide of anja and this was shown in a very emotional comic Art wrote soon after his mothers death. Furthermore, it is undeniable that suffering does not create noble people and it only causes pain and sorrow.This text teaches us that all suffering does is cause pain and does not create better people. Anjas departure after the holocaust proves that su ffering does not make better people, it only causes pain. Anjas death along with the holocaust made a huge impact on vladeks life and it is clear that he struggles to become noble and this character only portrays pain and mental suffering. Deriving out of vladeks pain, he takes out his own miserliness on both art and mala making them suffer and proves that suffering does not make them better people Fiona

Chapter 1- Kinematics Regents Physics Essays - Classical Mechanics

Chapter 1- Kinematics Regents Physics Essays - Classical Mechanics Chapter 1- Kinematics Regents Physics One-Dimensional Motion - Constant Acceleration Equations As we already know, acceleration is defined as the change of velocity per unit of time and can be found using: a= v t 3990975151765 Since: v= v f - v i , our formula then becomes: If we apply some algebra and solve for " v f " then we arrive at: v f = v i + at Several derivations using the above information lead to useful equations when we want knowledge of an object's displacement, velocity, or acceleration at any particular time. Such equations include: d = v i t + 1 2 at 2 v f 2 = v i 2 + 2ad Knowing which equation to use relies simply on the information you are given in the problem. In other words, it is important to write down every piece of information given by the problem including the variable that you are looking for . For example: Roger starts from rest and accelerates at 4 m/s 2 for 3 seconds. How far has Roger travelled? Notice how if an object starts from rest , v i (initial velocity) will always be zero. Similarly, if an object comes to rest , the v f (final velocity) will be zero. A bowling ball moving 20 m/s comes to rest at the end of the alley 20 meters away. Determine the acceleration of the bowling ball. A soccer ball kicked from rest travels 50 meters in 3 seconds. Determine the acceleration of the soccer ball. A car is initially moving at 20 m/s. The car then accelerates at a rate of 5 m/s 2 . How fast will the car be moving after 400 meters? 5181600306070 Superman is flying at 300 m/s. He then accelerates at a rate of 20 m/s 2 for 10 seconds. How fast is he now flying?

World leaders and their leadership styles. How did they affect the Research Paper

World leaders and their leadership styles. How did they affect the world - Research Paper Example This paper discusses a number of world leaders and their affect on the world today. Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was a powerful and relentless leader who was considered to be an inspiring leader during his early years of leadership as he demonstrated his intellectual capabilities during phase one of World War II by directing the Blitzkrieg tactics. The strategic capability of Adolf Hitler assisted the army in handling the unforeseen shock attacks against airfields, military installations and communication centers. Hitler amused his followers by winning the May 1940 Battle of France and May 1942 Battle of Kharkov. As he faced all the challenges with confidence and courage, he was successful in defeating the Nazi Germany (Megargee, 14). This defeat became famous globally and many remember Adolf Hitler via defeating the Nazi. Adolf Hitler governed the NSDP autocratically by establishing the Fuhrerprinzip  style of leadership; the principle behind it is that all subordinates have to remai n obedient to their superiors and government has a pyramid like structure. Hitler viewed himself as the perfect leader at the apex of the pyramid. In the party, all the positions were filled by people who had high ranks and ensured that they will be obedient to the leader’s will without asking any questions which showed that people having strong powers were given a place in the party (Popper, 64). Compulsion of following the rules of the leaders impacted the followers in making them powerless and also no freedom to speak or protest. Hitler used to give contradictory orders to his subordinates so that the strongest one was able to do the job; as a result, he fostered competition, distrust and power struggle among the subordinates so that he could strengthen his legitimate power. Contrary orders are difficult to abide by as all subordinates are not of the same level and hence there would be many that cannot fulfill the requirements of the order. Before 1941, Adolf Hitler was re garded as an excellent leader who inspired many people but afterwards he became sclerotic and started punishing people for their wrong doings. This started impacting the image of Hitler in a negative way and now in many places he is remembered as a harsh ruler. However, Hitler had strong power in making all operational decisions in Germany and it was under his leadership that Europe and Germany had to face the supreme calamity in his ruling period. The ability of making operational decision timely and accurately allowed him to face success in Germany. Mahatma Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi was the paramount leader of the Indian nationalism during the period when the British were ruling India. The leader introduced the concept of fighting with a tactic known as ‘non-violent civil disobedience’ by stirring innumerable movements of civil rights, non-violence and freedom worldwide (Barnabas and Paul, 135). This tactic proved to be highly successful for Gandhi and via this strategy h e was able to achieve his goals. Gandhi initiated his first fight for the protection of civil rights of Hindu and Muslim Indians in South Africa by implementing a fresh technique of non-violent public defiance. After years of sincere efforts and determination, the government of South Africa accepted their mistake and decided to compromise with Gandhi on treating everyone equally in the country. This was a huge success achieved by Gandhi and from hereon he became quite successful in fostering other movements. After his return to India in 1915, he joined the Indian National Congress to raise his voice against unacceptable policies and rules of the British government that were depriving people of their rights. One of his famous protests was Salt March against